Catch-Up Contingencies

by Andy Lattal, PhD
Ever heard the expression “closing the barn door after the cows are out?”  It basically means coming up with a solution that is

When Punishment is a Reinforcer

by Andy Lattal, PhD
Punishment, by definition, reduces, weakens, or eliminates (depending on one’s theoretical bias) the responses on which it depends. But punishment also reinforces other behavior, notably that of the one administering the punishment.

What is Social Behavior?

by Andy Lattal, PhD
In an old experiment, Boren (1966) placed two Rhesus monkeys in separate operant chambers so that

Generalists and Specialists

by Andy Lattal, PhD
In a recent piece in the New York Times titled, “

Invasive Behavioral Events: Lessons from Invasive Species

by Andy Lattal, PhD
The stability of an ecosystem, including the species that occupy it, can be disrupted when an invasive species appears in it.

Complex Behavior

by Andy Lattal, PhD
“Complex” has two uses in psychology.

Out of Thin Air?

by Andy Lattal, PhD
Ever think about where operant behavior comes from? What is it before that first reinforcer occurs? In speaking of the origins of operant behavior, Skinner famously observed that “[o]perant conditioning shapes behavior as a sculptor shapes a lump of clay.

Behavioristic Bliss

by Andy Lattal, PhD
Someone recently sent me a rather gloomy article titled, “You

Rules Rule, or Do They?

by Andy Lattal, PhD
Rules are everywhere, from the Ten Commandments to those whose violations bring us into traffic court. It is no surprise that rule-governed behavior occupies such a prominent place in behavior-analytic theory.

Behavior Analysis’s Not-So-Secret Agent

by Andy Lattal, PhD
Psychologically speaking, an agent is an entity responsible for a course of action. Some psychological agents with which many of us are familiar are “personality,” “conscience,” “self,” and “stress.” Each of these agents is said to be responsible for behavior: 

A Signal Experience

by Andy Lattal, PhD
I recently found myself caught up in a great discussion with two colleagues, both of whom I highly respect, concerning a particular term that we see in many places in our science.

Immedium and Procrastinium: A Fable in Waiting

by Andy Lattal, PhD
 Once upon a time, there were twins named Immedium and Procrastinium. As their names might suggest, the two approached tasks very differently. When a deadline was assigned, Procrastinium’s first reaction was to do something else, while Immedium started on it and soon got it done, PDQ, kazaam, what’s next?